Menelaus

Mortal man

In Greek mythology, Menelaus (; Ancient Greek: Μενέλαος, romanized: Menélaos) was a king of Sparta. According to the Iliad, the Trojan War began as a result of Menelaus' wife, Helen, fleeing to Troy with the Trojan prince Paris.

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Mentions
90
Connected characters
18
Books
16
Menelaus. Menelaus — plaster cast, Pushkin Museum
Menelaus — plaster cast, Pushkin Museum · Unknown ancient sculptor; plaster castImage source CC BY-SA 3.0

Mentions in the Iliad

A. T. Murray, Loeb Classical Library, Harvard University Press, 1924 · Homer, Iliad with an English Translation · CC BY-SA 3.0 US

“did they lay waste the harvest, for many things lie between us—shadowy mountains and sounding sea. But you, shameless one, we followed, so that you might rejoice, seeking to win recompense for Menelaus and for yourself, dog-face, from the Trojans. This you disregard, and take no heed of.”
Il. 1.155–159
“Nestor, first of all, and king Idomeneus, and thereafter the twain Aiantes and the son of Tydeus, and as the sixth Odysseus, the peer of Zeus in counsel. And unbidden came to him Menelaus, good at the war-cry, for he knew in his heart wherewith his brother was busied.”
Il. 2.405–409
“and that held Laas, and dwelt about Oetylus,—these were led by Agamemnon's brother, even Menelaus, good at the war-cry, with sixty ships; and they were marshalled apart. And himself he moved among them, confident in his zeal, urging his men to battle; and above all others was his heart fain”
Il. 2.585–589
“to fight with him face to face in dread combat. But when Menelaus, dear to Ares, was ware of him as he came forth before the throng with long strides, then even as a lion is glad when he lighteth on a great carcase, having found a horned stag or a wild goat”
Il. 3.20–24
“but to thy father and city and all the people a grievous bane—to thy foes a joy, but to thine own self a hanging down of the head? Wilt thou indeed not abide Menelaus, dear to Ares? Thou wouldest learn what manner of warrior he is whose lovely wife thou hast. Then will thy lyre help thee not, neither the gifts of Aphrodite,”
Il. 3.50–54
“Not to be flung aside, look you, are the glorious gifts of the gods, even all that of themselves they give, whereas by his own will could no man win them. But now, if thou wilt have me war and do battle, make the other Trojans to sit down and all the Achaeans, but set ye me in the midst and Menelaus, dear to Ares,”
Il. 3.65–69
“and himself in the midst and Menelaus, dear to Ares, to do battle for Helen and all her possessions. And whichsoever of the twain shall win, and prove him the better man, let him duly take all the wealth and the woman, and bear them to his home; but for us others, let us swear friendship and oaths of faith with sacrifice.”
Il. 3.90–94
See all 90

Connections

Father · Sources
Father · Sources
and he withdraweth back again and pallor layeth hold of his cheeks; even so did godlike Alexander, seized with fear of Atreus' son, shrink back into the throng of the lordly Trojans. But Hector saw him, and chid him with words of shame: Evil Paris, most fair to look upon, thou that art mad after women, thou beguiler,
Il. 3.37
when they stood Menelaus overtopped him with his broad shoulders; howbeit when the twain were seated Odysseus was the more royal. But when they began to weave the web of speech and of counsel in the presence of all, Menelaus in truth spake fluently, with few words, but very clearly, seeing he was not a man of lengthy speech
Il. 3.213
brandishing their spears in wrath one at the other. First Alexander hurled his far-shadowing spear, and smote upon the son of Atreus' shield that was well balanced on every side ; howbeit the bronze brake not through but its point was turned in the stout shield. Next Atreus' son, Menelaus, rushed upon him with his spear,
Il. 3.347

Il. 3.37 · Il. 3.213 · Il. 3.347 · Il. 3.361 · Il. 3.449 · Il. 4.205 · Il. 5.50 · Il. 5.207 · Il. 5.552 · Il. 5.570 · Il. 5.578 · Il. 7.470 · Il. 8.261 · Il. 13.581 · Il. 17.69 · Il. 17.553 · Il. 23.355 · Il. 23.594

Wife · Sources
Wife · Sources
but to thy father and city and all the people a grievous bane—to thy foes a joy, but to thine own self a hanging down of the head? Wilt thou indeed not abide Menelaus, dear to Ares? Thou wouldest learn what manner of warrior he is whose lovely wife thou hast. Then will thy lyre help thee not, neither the gifts of Aphrodite,
Il. 3.52–53
neither be left here to be a bane to us and to our children after us. So they said, but Priam spake, and called Helen to him: Come hither, dear child, and sit before me, that thou mayest see thy former lord and thy kinsfolk and thy people—thou art nowise to blame in my eyes; it is the gods, methinks, that are to blame,
Il. 3.163
whether we shall again rouse evil war and the dread din of battle, or put friendship between the hosts. If this might in any wise be welcome to all and their good pleasure, then might the city of king Priam still be an habitation, and Menelaus take back Argive Helen.
Il. 4.19

Il. 3.52–53 · Il. 3.163 · Il. 4.19 · Il. 7.392 · Il. 13.626

Brother through father · Sources
Brother through father · Sources

Квалификация братства/сестринства: Илиада: Общий отец подтверждён; сведения о матерях неполны. Различие матерей не установлено. Общие родители: Атрей.

Wikidata: Атрей — роль родителя · P22 Wikidata: Атрей — роль родителя · P22

Квалификация братства/сестринства: Илиада: Общий отец подтверждён; сведения о матерях неполны. Различие матерей не установлено. Общие родители: Атрей.

Wikidata: Атрей — роль родителя · P22 Wikidata: Атрей — роль родителя · P22
Nestor, first of all, and king Idomeneus, and thereafter the twain Aiantes and the son of Tydeus, and as the sixth Odysseus, the peer of Zeus in counsel. And unbidden came to him Menelaus, good at the war-cry, for he knew in his heart wherewith his brother was busied.
Il. 2.408–409
and that held Laas, and dwelt about Oetylus,—these were led by Agamemnon's brother, even Menelaus, good at the war-cry, with sixty ships; and they were marshalled apart. And himself he moved among them, confident in his zeal, urging his men to battle; and above all others was his heart fain
Il. 2.586
alike an ornament for his horse and to its driver a glory; even in such wise, Menelaus, were thy thighs stained with blood, thy shapely thighs and thy legs and thy fair ankles beneath. Thereat shuddered the king of men, Agamemnon, as he saw the black blood flowing from the wound,
Il. 4.148

Il. 2.408–409 · Il. 2.586 · Il. 4.148 · Il. 4.184 · Il. 4.189 · Il. 5.552 · Il. 6.61 · Il. 7.107–108 · Il. 7.120–121 · Il. 8.261 · Il. 10.32–34 · Il. 10.60 · Il. 10.72 · Il. 11.136–140 · Il. 17.249–250 · Il. 23.522

Patron · Sources
Patron · Sources
to go forth alone and spy upon the foemen, through the immortal night; right hardy of heart must that man be. Then in answer to him spake lord Agamemnon: Need have we, both thou and I, O Menelaus, fostered of Zeus, of shrewd counsel that shall save and deliver
Il. 10.43
and the sun shone forth upon them and all the battle was made plain to view. Then Aias spake unto Menelaus, good at the war-cry: Look forth now, Menelaus, nurtured of Zeus, if so be thou mayest have sight of Antilochus yet alive, son of great-souled Nestor, and bestir thou him to go with speed unto Achilles, wise of heart,
Il. 17.651

Il. 10.43 · Il. 17.651

Patron · Sources
Patron · Sources
but to thy father and city and all the people a grievous bane—to thy foes a joy, but to thine own self a hanging down of the head? Wilt thou indeed not abide Menelaus, dear to Ares? Thou wouldest learn what manner of warrior he is whose lovely wife thou hast. Then will thy lyre help thee not, neither the gifts of Aphrodite,
Il. 3.52
Not to be flung aside, look you, are the glorious gifts of the gods, even all that of themselves they give, whereas by his own will could no man win them. But now, if thou wilt have me war and do battle, make the other Trojans to sit down and all the Achaeans, but set ye me in the midst and Menelaus, dear to Ares,
Il. 3.69
and himself in the midst and Menelaus, dear to Ares, to do battle for Helen and all her possessions. And whichsoever of the twain shall win, and prove him the better man, let him duly take all the wealth and the woman, and bear them to his home; but for us others, let us swear friendship and oaths of faith with sacrifice.
Il. 3.90

Il. 3.52 · Il. 3.69 · Il. 3.90 · Il. 3.136 · Il. 3.206 · Il. 3.232 · Il. 3.253 · Il. 3.307 · Il. 3.431 · Il. 4.115 · Il. 5.561 · Il. 17.1

Opponent · Sources
Opponent · Sources
and himself in the midst and Menelaus, dear to Ares, to do battle for Helen and all her possessions. And whichsoever of the twain shall win, and prove him the better man, let him duly take all the wealth and the woman, and bear them to his home; but for us others, let us swear friendship and oaths of faith with sacrifice.
Il. 3.90–91
I verily will go my way back to windy Ilios, since I can in no wise bear to behold with mine eyes my dear son doing battle with Menelaus, dear to Ares. But this, I ween, Zeus knoweth, and the other immortal gods, for which of the twain the doom of death is ordained.
Il. 3.307

Il. 3.90–91 · Il. 3.307

See all 18

In art

Michel Martin Drolling. Wrath of Achilles2. собрание не указано. Public domain. https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File%3AWrath_of_Achilles2.jpg

Photograph / reproduction: Michel Martin Drolling

Photograph / reproduction date: 1810

Michel Martin Drolling. Michel Martin Drolling - La colère d'Achille. собрание не указано. Public domain. https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File%3AMichel_Martin_Drolling_-_La_col%C3%A8re_d%27Achille.jpg

Photograph / reproduction: Michel Martin Drolling

Photograph / reproduction date: 1810

Alexander Rothaug. Alexander Rothaug Menelaos findet Helena. собрание не указано. Public domain. https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File%3AAlexander_Rothaug_Menelaos_findet_Helena.jpg

Photograph / reproduction: Alexander Rothaug

Photograph / reproduction date: before 1946

Alexander Rothaug. Alexander Rothaug Menelaos findet HelenaFXD. собрание не указано. Public domain. https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File%3AAlexander_Rothaug_Menelaos_findet_HelenaFXD.jpg

Photograph / reproduction: Alexander Rothaug

Photograph / reproduction date: before 1946

Simon Vouet. Vouet Simon Hélène offrant à Ménélas la potion de la reine Polydamne. Musée Carnavalet. Public domain. https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18785915

Robert Fagan. Pasquino (Menelaus supporting the Body of Patroclus). National Trust. Public domain. https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q52145610

Johann Heinrich Tischbein. German: Menelaos im Zweikampf mit Paris The Duel of Menelaus and Paris title QS:P1476,de:"Menelaos im Zweikampf mit Paris" label QS:Lde,"Menelaos im Zweikampf mit Paris" label QS:Len,"The Duel of Menelaus and Paris". собрание не указано. Public domain. https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File%3AMenelaos_im_Zweikampf_mit_Paris_%28Tischbein%29.jpg

Photograph / reproduction: Johann Heinrich Tischbein

Photograph / reproduction date: 1757

See all 18

Sources and verification

The character is matched to the catalogue.

Wikidata Q171839

Reference material remains distinct from the poem’s assertions. Characters who share a name retain separate pages.